Math Glossary Letter P palindrome noun A word or phrase which reads the same forwards or backwards parabola noun a plane curve which is approximately U-shaped parallel lines noun two lines which never cross and always the same distance apart parallel planes noun Planes that do not cross parallel resistors noun Resistors where their terminals are connected to the same two nodes parallelogram noun simple quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides. parametric noun defines a group of quantities as functions of one or more independent variables called parameters. parametric equation noun defines a group of quantities as functions of one or more independent variables called parameters. partial noun A part of a whole. Incomplete. partial quotient noun A division algorithm partial sum noun An addition algorithm partition noun a grouping of its elements into non-empty subsets, in such a way that every element is included in exactly one subset. pascals triangle noun a triangular array of the binomial coefficients password noun a secret word or phrase that must be used to gain admission to something past participle noun a participle that typically expresses completed action, that is traditionally one of the principal parts of the verb payback noun the length of time it takes to recover the cost of an investment or the length of time an investor needs to reach a breakeven point payback period noun the number of years required to recover the original cash investment peak noun the maximum value, either positive (pk+) or negative (pk-), that a waveform attains. pearsons skewness coefficient noun the difference between the mean and median, multiplied by three pedmas noun A way to handle the order of operations pedometer noun A device measuring the number of steps you take pemdas noun A way to handle the order of operations penny noun A currency value of one cent pentagon noun a polygon of five angles and five sides pentagonal number noun A number that can be shown as a pentagonal pattern of dots.n(3n - 1)/2 percent noun a specified amount in or for every hundred. one part in every hundred.n% = n/100 percent error noun percentage error between an observed value and the true value of a measurement. percent off noun A discount method to subtract something off a full price percentage noun a specified amount in or for every hundred. one part in every hundred. percentage change noun the change in value divided by the absolute value of the original value, multiplied by 100 percentage of completion noun he reporting of revenues and expenses on a period-by-period basis, as determined by the percentage of the contract that has been fulfilled percentage of the pie noun A portion of something percentile noun a score below which a given percentage k of scores in its frequency distribution falls or a score at or below which a given percentage falls. perfect number noun a positive integer that is equal to the sum of its positive divisors, excluding the number itself. perimeter noun The distance around a shape or object perimeter of quadrilateral noun The distance around a quadrilateral periodic charge noun the yearly depreciation amount is divided by the number of periods in the year periodic rate of return noun equals the annual interest rate divided by the number of periods periodic table noun a tabular display of the chemical elements permutation noun a way in which a set or number of things can be ordered or arranged.n Pr = n!/(n - r)! perpendicular noun two lines which intersect to form a right angle perpendicular bisector noun a line or a line segment that divides a given line segment into two parts of equal measurement. Perpendicular bisectors intersect the line segment that they bisect and make four angles of 90° each on both sides perpetuity noun An infinite stream of payments perpetuity due noun An infinite stream of payments occurring at the beginning of each payment period.Present Value = P/d perpetuity immediate noun An infinite stream of payments occurring at the end of each payment period.Present Value = P/i petabyte noun An extremely large unit of digital data, one Petabyte is equal to 1,000 Terabytes phi noun A letter of the greek alphabet used for math notation.Φ φ phonetic noun a branch of linguistics that studies how humans produce and perceive sounds phonetic algorithm noun n algorithm for indexing of words by their pronunciation phonogram noun a symbol representing a vocal sound. Phono means sound and gram means picture. photon noun a particle representing a quantum of light or other electromagnetic radiation. physics noun the branch of science concerned with the nature and properties of matter and energy. pi noun A letter of the greek alphabet used for math notation.Π π picks theorem noun a formula for the area of a simple polygon with integer vertex coordinates, in terms of the number of integer points within it and on its boundaryA = i + b/2 - 1 piecewise constant interpolation noun A type of interpolation pint noun a unit of liquid or dry capacity equal to one half of a quart. place value noun the numerical value that a digit has by its position in a number. plane noun a flat, two-dimensional surface that extends indefinitely plane equation noun An equation to describe the points in a plane plane geometry noun deals in flat shapes that you can draw on a piece of paper, such as squares, circles, and triangles point noun an exact location in the space, and has no length, width, or thickness point estimate noun the process of finding an approximate value of some parameter—such as the mean (average)—of a population from random samples of the population. point slope form noun show you how to find the equation of a line from a point on that line and the line's slope.y - y1 = m(x - x1 ) poisson distribution noun a discrete probability distribution that is used to show how many times an event is likely to occur over a specified period. poker noun a game played with cards in which people try to win money from each other. polar noun a two-dimensional coordinate system in which each point on a plane is determined by a distance from a reference point and an angle from a reference direction polar coordinate noun a pair of coordinates locating the position of a point in a plane, the first being the length of the straight line ( r ) connecting the point to the origin, and the second the angle ( θ ) made by this line with a fixed line. polar equation noun any equation that describes a relation between r and θ polygon noun A plane figure bounded by a set of straight lines polynomial noun an expression of more than two algebraic terms, especially the sum of several terms that contain different powers of the same variable(s). polynomial expansion noun multiply out the brackets and then simplify the resulting expression by collecting the like terms polynomial interpolation noun the interpolation of a given data set by the polynomial of lowest possible degree that passes through the points of the dataset. polynomial long division noun an algorithm for dividing a polynomial by another polynomial of the same or lower degree pool noun A tank holding water population noun all the inhabitants of a particular town, area, or country. population doubling time noun The time it takes a population to double in size portfolio noun a range of investments held by a person or organization. portfolio rate of return noun the ratio of the net gain or loss (which is the total of net income, foreign currency appreciation and capital gain, whether realized or not) which a portfolio generates, relative to the size of the portfolio positive noun numbers or values greater than 0 positive difference noun means the distance between two numbers postulate noun A statement accepted as true without proof power noun how many times to use the number in a multiplication power set noun he set of all subsets of S, including the empty set and S itself practical method noun A way to price a bond prealgebra noun gives you introductory concepts related to numbers and equations to prepare you for Algebra. precalculus noun a refresher course including a review of topics in algebra and trigonometry necessary to complete Calculus precision noun number of digits in a number predecessor noun The number that comes immediately before an integer.n - 1 prefix noun an affix which is placed before the stem of a word. Adding it to the beginning of one word changes it into another word prefix multiplier noun represent quantities that are orders of magnitude larger than the base unit. premium noun a bond which market value is greater than its face value present value noun the value in the present of a sum of money, in contrast to some future value it will have when it has been invested at compound interest.PV = FV/(1 + i)n where I is the interest rate per period, PV = Present Value, and FV = Future Value pressure noun the amount of force exerted per area pressure law noun or a given mass and constant volume of an ideal gas, the pressure exerted on the sides of its container is directly proportional to its absolute temperatureP1/T1 = P2/T2 price noun the amount of money expected, required, or given in payment for something price elasticity noun the ratio of the percentage change in quantity demanded of a product to the percentage change in price. prime factorization noun the prime numbers that divide that integer exactly prime number noun a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. prime numbers noun Positive numbers with no other factors but 1 and the number itself prime power decomposition noun Factoring a number down to a product of primes primitive root noun if every number a coprime to n is congruent to a power of g modulo n principal noun The amount borrowed on a loan, before interest is charged probability noun the likelihood of an event happening. This value is always between 0 and 1.P(Event Happening) = Number of Ways the Even Can Happen / Total Number of Outcomes probability density function noun A representation of a continuous probability distribution product noun The answer when two or more values are multiplied together profit noun The amount of money left over after paying costs/expensesProfit = Revenue - Cost profit margin noun a measure of profitability using profit as a percentage of revenue(R - C)/R profitability index noun the ratio of payoff to investment of a proposed project. It is a useful tool for ranking projects. projectile motion noun a form of motion experienced by an object or particle that is projected in a gravitational field projection noun the transformation of points and lines in one plane onto another plane by connecting corresponding points on the two planes with parallel lines. pronumeral noun Also known as a variable. proof noun an inferential argument for a mathematical statement, showing that the stated assumptions logically guarantee the conclusion proper fraction noun a fraction which has its numerator value less than the denominator. The value is less than 1 proper noun noun a name used for an individual person, place, or organization, spelled with initial capital lettersDon, Brazil, Orlando Magic property noun an attribute, quality, or characteristic of something proportion noun n equation in which two ratios are set equal to each othera/b = c/d proposition noun a declarative sentence that is either true or false (but not both) psi noun A letter of the greek alphabet used for math notation.Ψ ψ punnett square noun a square diagram that is used to predict the genotypes of a particular cross or breeding experiment. put call parity noun defines the relationship between calls, puts and the underlying futures contracC + PV(x) = P + S put option noun an option to sell assets at an agreed price on or before a particular date put price noun he price at which an asset will be sold if a put option is exercised puzzle noun a game, problem, or toy that tests a person's ingenuity or knowledge pyramid noun polyhedron formed by connecting a polygonal base and a point, called the apex. pythagorean theorem noun a fundamental relation in Euclidean geometry among the three sides of a right triangle. It states that the area of the square whose side is the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the areas of the squares on the other two sidesa2 + b2 = c2