a transposition cipher used in the Roman Empire, in which letters of the message are written in rows in a square (or a rectangle) and then, read by column.

the mathematical study of continuous change

a chart or series of pages showing the days, weeks, and months of a particular year

an option to buy assets at an agreed price on or before a particular date

he price at which the issuer of a callable security has the right to buy back that security from an investor or creditor

removing subexpressions from a mathematical expression only when the subexpressions are equal or have opposing effects

the maximum amount that something can contain

a model used to determine a theoretically appropriate required rate of return of an asset

the process a business undertakes to evaluate potential major projects or investments

a cost that is incurred from the purchase of a fixed asset that is expected to directly produce an economic benefit

Capitalized Asset Pricing Model: a model used to determine a theoretically appropriate required rate of return of an asset

a measure of the number of elements of the set

a heart-shaped curve. a plane curve traced by a point on the perimeter of a circle that is rolling around a fixed circle of the same radius.

a digit that is transferred from one column of digits to another column of more significant digits

a plane is a coordinate system that specifies each point uniquely by a pair of numerical coordinates, which are the signed distances to the point from two fixed perpendicular oriented lines, measured in the same unit of length

coordinate system consists of a horizontal x-axis and a vertical y-axis

the product of two sets: the product of set X and set Y is the set that contains all ordered pairs ( x, y ) for which x belongs to X and y belongs to Y

A x B

the total amount of money being transferred into and out of a business, especially as affecting liquidity.

a sequence of positive integers that appear in many counting problems in combinatorics

C_n = (2n)! / ((n + 1)! n!)

the lengths of the dot product of vectors is less than or equal to the product of the lengths of the vectors

the least integer number greater than or equal to the given number.

⌈,x⌉,

temperature scale is used for measuring temperature in the metric system

C°

a metric unit of mass, equal to one hundredth of a gram.

A unit of time equal to 0.01 seconds and with symbol cs

cs

if you have a population with mean μ and standard deviation σ and take sufficiently large random samples from the population with replacement , then the distribution of the sample means will be approximately normally distributed.

a central or typical value for a probability distribution. Typical measures are the mode, median, mean

the point in a triangle where the three medians coincide

100 years

line that intersects both a triangles vertex, and also the side that is opposite to that vertex

a series of trade discount percentages or their total

A measure in difference

used to re-write a logarithm operation as a fraction of logarithms with a new base.

a piece of data at least one item long

an experimental gas law that describes how gases tend to expand when heated

V1/T1 = V2/T2

estimates the minimum proportion of observations that fall within a specified number of standard deviations from the mean.

P(|X - μ|) ≥ kσ) ≤ 1/k²

the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter

A letter of the greek alphabet used for math notation.

Χ  χ

a statistical hypothesis test that is valid to perform when the test statistic is chi-squared distributed under the null hypothesis, specifically Pearsons chi-squared test

ancient theorem that gives the conditions necessary for multiple equations to have a simultaneous integer solution

A waxy, fat-like substance made in the liver, and found in the blood and in all cells of the body

a straight line segment whose endpoints both lie on a circular arc

the set of all points in the plane that are a fixed distance from a fixed point

An equation used to graph a circle

the perimeter of a circle or ellips

a radius of the circle inside which the polygon can be inscribed

endpoints used to separate the data into classes or groups.

Using angles and sides to determine if a triangle is acute, right, obtuse, equilateral, scalene, isoseles

a mechanical or electrical device for measuring time, indicating hours, minutes, and sometimes seconds

calculates the gain/loss in seconds of a clock over a certain period of time

Calculates the first time on a clock when the hands will meet or touch again

The fraction with the least distance to another fraction from a list of fractions

a numerical or constant quantity placed before and multiplying the variable in an algebraic expression

a statistical measurement that examines how differences in one variable can be explained by the difference in a second variable

R² = 1 - RSS/TSS

trigonometric identities that show the relationship between trigonometric ratios pairwise (sine and cosine, tangent and cotangent, secant and cosecant).

A unit of currency

A combination of coins adding up to a specific value

Flipping a fair coin to determine probability

Algorithm that uses the 3n + 1 algorithm which will always reach the number 1.

the length of time a business needs to collect its accounts receivables

points that lie on a straight line

the property possessed by an object of producing different sensations on the eye as a result of the way the object reflects or emits light

a mathematical technique that determines the number of possible arrangements in a collection of items where the order of the selection does not matter

_nP_r = n!/r!(n - r)!

the ratio of the product of pressure and volume and the absolute temperature of a gas is equal to a constant.

P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂

genrated by taking the product of the antecedents of all the ratios as antecedents and the product of the consequents of all the ratios as consequents

a situation where a variable depends on two (or more) other variables, and can vary directly or inversely with variables (when the rest of the variables are held constant).

adding or subtracting the numerical coefficients of like terms

Payment made on a sale to the salesman

an educational initiative from 2010 that details what K–12 students throughout the United States should know in English language arts and mathematics at the conclusion of each school grade.

the numbers on which we add can be moved or swapped from their position without making any difference to the answer

the numbers on which we multiply can be moved or swapped from their position without making any difference to the answer

estimate, measure, or note the similarity or difference between

A test to see if one number is equal to the other number, less than the other number, or greater than the other number

a process or method in which one can determine whether a number is smaller, greater, or equal to another number according to their values.

a set of elements in the universal set that is not part of the original set.

A^C

The opposite of an event happening

A^C

Two angles are complementary angles if the sum of their measures is equal to 90°

a technique for converting a quadratic polynomial of the form ax² + bx + c to a(x - h)² + k

a number that can be written in the form a + b or a - bi

a positive integer that can be formed by multiplying two smaller positive integers

a discount that automatically changes for every unit of your product

an inequality that combines two simple inequalities

the interest you earn on principal and interest

A = (1 + r/n)^nt

A table showing values for interest rates and time for compound interest

the action of linking things together in a series

the rate of change of a functions derivative

a three-dimensional geometric shape that tapers smoothly from a flat base to a point called the apex or vertex

a range of values so defined that there is a specified probability that the value of a parameter lies within it.

a range of values that is likely to contain a population paired means with a certain level of confidence

a range of values that is likely to contain a population difference of means with a certain level of confidence

a way of estimating the true population mean

a range of values that is likely to contain a population standard deviation or variance with a certain level of confidence

the probability that a population parameter will fall between a set of values for a certain proportion of times.

a problem of finding an integer x that satisfies the equation ax = b (mod m)

Occurs when two numbers have a difference that is a multiple of n.

identical in form

≅

A term formed by changing the sign between two terms in a binomial.

a type of compound statement that is comprised of two propositions (also known as simple statements) joined by the AND operator

a word used to connect clauses or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause

integers that follow each other

n, n + 1

the pairs of angles that are between two lines and on the same side of the line cutting through the two lines.

Sounds which are blocked by the tongue, teeth, or lips in some way.

B, C, D, F, H, G, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, X, Y, Z

a value that always assumes the same value independent of how its parameters are varied

the ratio that relates two given values in what is known as a proportional relationship

k

an activity in which institutional units use up goods or services

a fraction whose numerator is an integer and whose denominator is an integer plus a fraction whose numerator is an integer and whose denominator is an integer plus a fraction and so on

the bridge between the continuous normal distribution and the discrete binomial

a type of guaranteed annuity where the annuity issuer is required to make payments for at least a specified number of years

the process of calculating interest and reinvesting it into an account balance over an infinite number of periods

the process of calculating interest and reinvesting it into an account balance over an infinite number of periods.

P(t) = P₀e^rt

one which takes an infinite number of possible values

a number used to change one set of units to another, by multiplying or dividing

A set of values that show an exact position

A conjunction that connects words, phrases, and clauses that are equal to each other

FANBOYS

Two numbers who have one common divisor of 1

A proposition formed from a proven proposition

a statistical measure that expresses the extent to which two variables are linearly related

a statistical measure of the strength of a linear relationship between two variables

cos(θ) is the ratio of the adjacent side of angle θ to the hypotenuse

the length of the hypotenuse divided by the length of the adjacent side. Also equals 1/sin(θ)

cos(θ) is the ratio of the opposite side to the hypotenuse.

A measurement to calculate the ratio of sides in a trianglethe ratio of the side adjacent to the represented base angle over the hypotenuse.

Adjacent / Hypotenuse

an amount that has to be paid or spent to buy or obtain something

A function also called the cost curve, expressing production costs in terms of the amount produced

C(x)

costs associated with the carrying value of an investment.

method in which a business does not recognize profit related to a sale until the cash collected exceeds the cost of the good or service sold

Measures the quotient of cost to utility

C/U

The length of the adjacent side divided by the length of the side opposite the angle. Also equals 1/tan(θ)

The length of the adjacent side divided by the length of the side opposite the angle. Also equals 1/tan(θ)

the angles that have the same initial side and share the terminal sides

determine the total number of a collection of items

taking account of when reaching a total; including

the annual interest rate paid on a bond, expressed as a percentage of the face value and paid from issue date until maturity.

a measure of how much two random variables vary together

the average of the taxable wage bases in effect for each calendar year during the 35-year period ending with the last day of the calendar year in which the employee attains social security retirement age.

a multi-period market model

an explicit formula for the solution of a system of linear equations with as many equations as unknowns

a small plastic card issued by a bank, business, etc., allowing the holder to purchase goods or services on credit.

a card game, traditionally for two players, that involves playing and grouping cards in combinations which gain points.

a point that cuts off area under the student t distribution.

a point on the distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis that defines a set of values that call for rejecting the null hypothesis.

a point that cuts off area under the standard normal distribution.

to clear an equation of fractions when each side consists of a fraction with a single denominator by multiplying the numerator of each side by the denominator of the other side and equating the two products obtained.

a/b = c/d → ad = bc

Intersection of all items of two sets

a binary operation on two vectors in a three-dimensional oriented Euclidean vector space

Cryptography is the study of the algorithms and methods used to convert plaintext into ciphertext.

the length of the hypotenuse divided by the length of the adjacent side. Also equals 1/sin(θ)

solid three-dimensional figure, which has 6 square faces, 8 vertices and 12 edges

An equation of the form ax³ + bx² + cx + d = 0

the unit of volume in the International System of Units. Volume of a cube with edges equal to 1 meter

m³

A six-faced solid. Its faces are quadrilaterals

A method to describe the distribution of random variables. the probability that X will take a value less than or equal to x

a cooking measure of volume, commonly associated with cooking and serving sizes. In the US, it is traditionally equal to one-half US pint

a system of money in general use in a particular country.

the rate of flow of electricity. The unit of current is the ampere (A) which is defined as 1 ampere = 1 coulomb per second.

the amount of time a team spends actually working on producing an item, up until the product is ready for shipment

a solid geometric figure with straight parallel sides and a circular or oval cross section.