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Use subtraction:
12365 - 992:
Line up our numbers vertically:
1 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 5 | |
_ | 9 | 9 | 2 |
1 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 5 | |
_ | 9 | 9 | 2 | 3 |
Column 1: 5 - 2 = 3
16 | |||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | ||
_ | 9 | 9 | 2 | 7 | 3 |
Column 2:
6 - 9 is < 0, we need to borrow 10.
Column 2: 10 + 6 - 9 = 7
12 | 16 | ||||
1 | 2 | 5 | |||
_ | 9 | 9 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 3 |
Column 3: 3 - 9 is <= 0, and we needed to borrow on the last column.
Therefore, we need to subtract 1 for the borrow in the previous column, and then add 10 for another borrow for this column. Total borrowing is 10 - 1 = 9.
Column 3: 9 + 3 - 9 = 3
1 | 12 | 16 | |||
1 | 5 | ||||
_ | 9 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 3 |
Column 4:
Since we borrowed on the last column, we take it out of 2
Column 4: 2 - 1 - 0 = 1
1 | 12 | 16 | |||
1 | 5 | ||||
_ | 9 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 3 |
Column 5: 1 - 0 = 1