Math Glossary Letter A abcissa Absolute value of the x-coordinate, or perpendicular distance to the y-axis. For the cartesian coordinates (x, y), the abscissa is |x|. absolute value A positive number representing the distance from 0 on a number line abundant numbers A number with a sum of proper divisors greater than the number itself acceleration Rate of change of the velocity with respect to time. Denoted as A(t). accounting measurement and communication of financial information accounting rate of return financial ratio used in capital budgetingAverage Return / Average Investment accrued coupon accrued interest is the interest on a bond or loan. The accumulation continued since the principal investment accumulated value The total value of an investment, including principal and interest accrued accuracy How close a measurement is to the true value actuary person who deals with the management of risk and uncertainty acute angle angle measuring less than 90 degrees adding The sum of elements adding polynomials Adding two polynomials and grouping like terms addition math operation involving the sum of elements addition equality Adding the same value to both sides of an equation does not change the equality of both sides addition fact The combinations of all sums of two 1-digit numbers Addition Property of Inequality Adding the same value to both sides of an inequality does not change the equality of both sides addition table A table showing the values of two numbers added together additive identity when you add any number to zero, the result is the original number additive inverse the number you add to (n) to get a result of zero adjoint the transpose of a cofactor matrix aerobic exertion or organism requiring oxygen affine cipher substitution cipher, wherein each letter in an alphabet is mapped to its numeric equivalent, encrypted using a simple mathematical function, and converted back to a letter algebra Study of symbols and rules in math algebraic expressions A way to write a mathematical expression from a phrase algebraic substitution An algebraic expression with substitution rules for each unknown variable algorithm A process to solve a problem in a set amount of time alpha A letter of the greek alphabet used for math notation.Α α altitude segment from the vertex of a triangle ot the other side of the triangle amortization Repayment schedule of a loan principal over time anaerobic exertion or organism not requiring oxygen anagram Word or phrase formed by rearranging the letters of a different word or phrase angle ratio for a triangle An amount to express the size of each angle in relation to all three angles of a triangle Angle Side Angle postulate states that if two angles and the included side of one triangle are congruent to two angles and the included side of another triangle, then the triangles are congruent angular momentum rotational force annual percentage rate annual interest rate charged for the full year cost of borrowing money annuity A stream of payments annuity table A table if interest rates and factors for annuities annulus A ring shaped object, bounded by two concentric circles ANOVA Analysis of variance - statistical models used to analyze the differences among group means antilog inverse log calculationy = antilog x --> 10x apocalyptic power A number of the form 2n that contains the digits 666 apothem of a pentagon line segment from the center of the pentagon to the midpoint of one of its sides apothem of a polygon line segment from the center of the polygon to the midpoint of one of its sides arc length of a circle Distance formed from the central angle2πrC/360 arccosine inverse cosine function of x when -1?x?1 arcsine inverse sine function arctangent inverse tangent function area Number of square units covering the shape area code numbering plan to classify each region in a calling area area conversions area of a circle Number of square units covering a circleπr2 area of a hexagon Number of square units covering a hexagon area of a kite Number of square units covering a kite area of a pentagon Number of square units covering a pentagon area of a polygon Number of square units covering a polygon area of a rectangle Number of square units covering a rectangle area of a rhombus Number of square units covering a rhombus area of a square Number of square units covering a square area of a trapezoid Number of square units covering a trapezoid area of equilateral triangle sqrt(3)s2 /4 area of the sector of a circle Number of square units covering a circle sector arithmetic annuity A finite stream of payments with a first payment P, and each successive payment increasing by r arithmetic perpetuity A infinite stream of payments with a first payment P, and each successive payment increasing by r arithmetic sequence A set of numbers starting with a number n, and each successive number adds an amount (r) ASA Angle Side Angle. Another trigonometry postulate. If the corresponding two angles and included side are equal on 2 triangles, then both triangles are congruent. ascii American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for electronic communication asset Resources of value in accounting. Land, Equipment, Cash are examples Associative Property of Addition A property stating the addition of numbers is the same regardless of grouping Associative Property of Multiplication A property stating the multiplication of numbers is the same regardless of grouping ASVAB Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery - Aptitude test for the military atomic weight mass of an atom automorphic numbers A number with a square ending in the same digit as the original numberExample: 52 = 25 average A number expressing the central value of a set Average Accounts Receivable Expected number of accounts receivable for a period Average Collection Period Number of days between a sale credit and collection from the customer average deviation Mean of the absolute values of the distance from the mean for each number in a number set average inventory expected inventory balance in a period0.5(Beginning Inventory + Ending Inventory) axiom A statement accepted as true without proof axis of symmetry A line dividing a parabola into two equal halves. Both halves represent reflections of each other
